1.1 This test method describes a systematic manual point counting procedure for statistically estimating the volume fraction of an identifiable constituent or phase from sections through the microstructure by means of a point grid.

1.2 The use of automatic image analysis to determine the volume fraction of constituents is described in Practice E1245.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords:
Metallographic analysis/inspection; Point count; Systematic manual point count; Volume change; ICS Number Code 77.040.99 (Other methods of testing metals)

1.1 The three test methods described herein are for measurement of water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) of high-barrier multiple-unit containers (bottles), high-barrier single-unit containers (blisters), and quasi-barrier single-unit containers used for packaging pharmaceutical products. The containers are tested closed and sealed. These test methods can be used for all consumer-sized primary containers and bulk primary containers of a size limited only by the dimensions of the equipment and the weighing capacity and sensitivity of the balance.

1.2 These test methods are intended to be of sufficient sensitivity and precision to allow clear discrimination among the levels of barrier packages currently available for pharmaceutical products.

1.3 There are three methods: Method A is for bottles, Method B is for formed barrier blisters, and Method C is for formed quasi-barrier blisters. Methods B and C can be adapted for use with flexible pouches.

1.4 These test methods use gravimetric measurement to determine the rate of weight gain as a result of water vapor transmission into the package and subsequent uptake by a desiccant enclosed within the package. The packages are exposed to environments typical of those used for accelerated stability testing of drug products in the package (typically 40°C/75 % relative humidity [RH]).

1.5 For these methods, balance sensitivity, amount of desiccant, number of blisters per test unit, and weighing frequency were developed in an experiment based on Test Methods E96/E96M.

1.6 Test Methods E96/E96M gives specific instruction on the interactions among weighing frequency, number of data points necessary to establish steady state, minimum weight gain in a weighing period, and balance sensitivity.

1.7 The test methods in this standard were developed specifically for pharmaceutical bottles and blisters as closed container-closure systems. The experiment from which the methods were developed provided an inter-laboratory study from which the precision and bias statement was written. The packages in the study were small bottles and blisters used regularly for pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms.

1.8 In spite of the specific nature of their application, the test methods in this standard should be suitable for other pharmaceutical packages and most types and sizes of other consumer packages.

1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The units of measure for bottles are milligrams per bottle per day (mg/bottle-day) and for blisters, milligrams per blister cavity per day (mg/cavity-day). These units may be used for both standard and referee testing.

1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords:
barrier; blister; bottle; gravimetric; package; water vapor, permeation; steady state; ICS Number Code 11.120.99 (Other standards related to pharmaceutics)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system.

1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.2.1, 7.3, 11.1.1, and Annex A3.

A1.1.1 This method covers a procedure for visually rating the heater tube produced by Test Method D3241.

A1.1.2 The final result from this test method is a tube color rating based on an arbitrary scale established for this test method plus two additional yes/no criteria that indicate the presence of an apparent large excess of deposit or an unusual deposit, or both.

Keywords:
differential pressure; fuel decomposition; oxidative deposits; test filter deposits; thermal stability; turbine fuel; Aviation turbine fuels; Fuel degradation; Oxidation testing–petroleum products; Thermal oxidation stability; Thermal stability–petroleum products; ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)

1.1 This specification covers prefabricated modified bituminous sheet materials reinforced with polyester fabric, with or without granules, that use atactic polypropylene (APP) as the primary modifier and are intended for use in the fabrication of multiple ply roofing and waterproofing membranes.

Note 1 – Many modified bituminous sheets are currently marketed with polyester mat reinforced with glass yarns to improve processing in the manufacture of the finished modified bitumen product and to reduce distortions that may be introduced during production. These glass yarns are typically a small percentage of the reinforcement and do not contribute to the physical properties of the finished product so much as to make these products be classified by Specification D6223.

1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification only. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond the scope of this specification.

1.3 The specified tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet materials covered by this specification are intended to establish minimum properties. In-place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field strength, impact/puncture resistance, material compatibility, uplift resistance, the need for field applied coatings, and others, are factors beyond the scope of this material specification.

1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords:
atactic polypropylene (APP); modified bituminous sheet; polyolefin film; polyester reinforcement; Atactic polypropylene (APP); Bituminous roofing materials–specifications; Modified bituminous roofing/waterproofing materials; Multiple ply roofing membranes–specifications; Polyester plastics–specifications; Polyester reinforcements; Polyolefin (PO)–specifications; Polypropylene (PP) roofing materials/applications–specifications; Roofing materials/applications–specifications; Waterproofing materials/applications; ICS Number Code 91.100.50 (Binders. Sealing materials)

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